Colosseum
No photo can prepare you for the thrill of seeing the Colosseum for the first time. More than any other monument, this muscular amphitheater encapsulates the blood and thunder of ancient Rome, for it was here that gladiators met in mortal combat, and condemned prisoners fought wild beasts in front of frenzied crowds. The emperor Vespasian originally commissioned the amphitheater in 72 CE but he never lived to see it completed and it was inaugurated by his son and successor Titus in 80 CE. To mark the occasion, games were held for 100 days and nights.
Looking up at the outer walls, you’ll see there are three levels of arches. The upper level had supports for 240 masts that held a giant awning over the arena. On the ground, entrance arches, known as vomitoria, allowed spectators to enter and be seated in a matter of minutes. Inside, the arena had a wooden floor covered in sand – harena in Latin, hence the word ‘arena’ – through which trapdoors led down to the underground backstage area known as the hypogeum. Spectators sat in the cavea: magistrates and senior officials in the lowest tier, wealthy citizens in the middle, and the plebs in the highest tier. Women (except for vestal virgins) were relegated to the cheapest sections at the top. The podium, a broad terrace in front of the tiers of seats, was reserved for the emperor, senators and VIPs.
Buy a combined 24-hour ticket to enter the Colosseum, Roman Forum and Palatino online (colosseo.it, €18). You must book a timed entry for the Colosseum and are then free to enter the other sites within 24 hours.