The main reason is simply that ticket prices are higher from Belfast, not because of taxes and other fees (although those contribute slightly). See details below. The fare difference in the ticket itself makes up £439 of the total difference.
DUB-KUL
Fare 1: Carrier MH OLBC6IE DUB to KUL (rules)
Passenger type ADT, round trip fare, booking code S, O
Covers DUB-AMS (Economy), AMS-KUL (Economy)
£126.68
Fare 2: Carrier MH OLBC6IE KUL to DUB (rules)
Passenger type ADT, round trip fare, booking code O, S
Covers KUL-LHR (Economy), LGW-DUB (Economy)
£126.68
The Netherlands Passenger Service Charge (RN) €6.69
The Netherlands Noise Isolation Charge (VV) €2.00
The Netherlands Security Service Charge (CJ) €7.17
MH YQ surcharge (YQ) €248.62
MH YR surcharge (YR) €2.98
MH YQ surcharge (YQ) €7.46
Irish Passenger Charge (UP) €16.95
Irish Air Travel Tax (LQ) €3.00
(YQ) €28.61
United Kingdom Passenger Service Charge (UB) €16.12
Malaysia Passenger Service & Security Charge (MY) €15.62
Subtotal per passenger £559.48
Number of passengers x1
TOTAL AIRFARE & TAXES £559.48
BFS-KUL
Fare 1: Carrier MH VLST1GB BFS to KUL (rules)
Passenger type ADT, round trip fare, booking code S, V
Covers BHD-LGW (Economy), LHR-KUL (Economy)
£346.00
Fare 2: Carrier MH VLST1GB KUL to BFS (rules)
Passenger type ADT, round trip fare, booking code V, S
Covers KUL-LHR (Economy), LGW-BHD (Economy)
£346.00
(YQ) £210.80
MH YR surcharge (YR) £2.60
MH YQ surcharge (YQ) £6.40
United Kingdom Air Passengers Duty (GB) £94.00
United Kingdom Passenger Service Charge (UB) £29.82
(YQ) £25.55
United Kingdom Passenger Service Charge (UB) £8.60
United Kingdom Passenger Service Charge (UB) £19.77
Malaysia Passenger Service & Security Charge (MY) £13.20
Subtotal per passenger £1,102.74
Number of passengers x1
TOTAL AIRFARE & TAXES £1,102.74