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What was an ounce of Ouralian platinum worth in 1832? Oh nevermind...

This.
The Russians, in the absence of other representative signs, employed other representative signs. The first was the skins of the martin, twenty of which were accounted for the value of a grivne {silver ingot=204 gram}
The word 'nogata'... seems to be derived from 'noga,' a foot. It appears to have been the paw of a marten with a fourth part of the skin. The vekoche was a kind of squirrel of the value of the fifth part of a nogata.

{...}
Ears, and even half-ears, have served for odd pieces of money, and hence the term poluchko, half-ear, is still applied to the fourth part of a Russian Kopeck.

This kind of money was highly inconvenient, and furnished occasion for frequent disputes.

And for making money, if knives were handy.

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1

The russian word "sorok" means forty but its origin is obscure. I've seen references to a turkic word for fur pelts (http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=1QFZpZ9BswQC&pg=PA145&lpg=PA145&dq=origin<i>of+russian+sorok+fur&source=bl&ots=Uo_xsE4V3M&sig=zjsBwpt9sUcWy_BhyhQGz2nq-JQ&hl=en&ei=-RyJS4D2L4GUjAfMktSXBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CBYQ6AEwBA) or alternatively a claimed origin in norse (http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=t&source=web&ct=res&cd=3&ved=0CA4QFjAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0024384106000635&rct=j&q=origin+of+russian+sorok</i>fur&ei=-RyJS4D2L4GUjAfMktSXBg&usg=AFQjCNGuihgAvgigYQfZoIKU0k30RKDasA).

Neither explanation is particularly convincing. In other Slav languages (besides Ukrainian where 40 = sorok) the word for forty is a more transparent combination of words for "four" and "ten".

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2

You don't know how to link???

Try http://tinyurl.com/

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3

smart sentence: The Russians, in the absence of other representative signs, employed other representative signs.

Another Turkic origin hypothesis is from what is kırk '40' in Turkish by dissimilation (because there are 2 Ks, one is changed to S), similar to собака, modern Turkish köpek. Maybe from Greek (τε)σσαρακοντα '40' Source, but there are several problem with that, -ko- was lost from Greek word already in 9th century.

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4

Elaborate discussion of the historic rouble here. There were no less than FOUR roubles (gold, paper, credit, silver, 'silver equivalent') at the mid-late 19th C., exactly the time-frame for the price metric sought.

Nightmare.

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5

I think I understand the ear reference.

As a kid in Australia, I could collect money for fox scalps. Fox were , and are still, catastrophically destructive vermin.To get a payment you had to have both ears joined by a strip of flesh, a scalp.

That was effectively 75c.

I can see how one ear could be worth half that although in my case they might suspect that the fox had survived the loss of one ear

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