Can someone help me make sense of something I read... is it true that the Portuguese word for mayor, 'alcaide', is derived from the Arabic al'qaeda, whose original meaning was 'foundation, base, organization'?
5

secretcover1
This is what I found
alcayde, commander or governor of a Moorish or Spanish or Portuguese fortress; warden or keeper of a Moorish or Spanish or Portuguese prison. VinnyD, my research supports your etimology. It's Arabic and from what I read it dates back to 1502.
7

quemero
Virtually every word starting with AL in both Spanish and Portuguese has got an arabic origin
Alcazar, aleli, alcoba, etc
Pro tip
