You shouldnt have trouble getting such a book in, though I dont have any specific book recomendations, most of the sites on history of Syria entail all religious factors of its history pretty well. If you know the biblical names of the cities that would make your searching easier, for instance here Hama was once known as Hamath in Biblical times from what I understand and you can begin such a search from there. Then in Damascus in particular you could start with places such as Straight Street mentioned in the bible. I beleive you should be able to find a wealth of info on the net, and maybe through that as well find a few books you might be interested in purchasing. THe one book that I am getting ready to read that I have heard nothing but oodles of good things about is the books " A scandalous Life" which is Jane Digbys biography, so it has some of Syrias history from when she moved here and married here. Gives a great picture of Palmyra from what I was told as well. There is another book, called The Road to Damascus, but that is more of a modern type descriptor of Syria.
Well hope this lands you in the right direction