Also bear in mind that being Iran they can just say no because immigration is is a bad mood. At least that's what happened to me.
Can you please explain, or link to your previous trip report detailing this? I'd like to hear more detail.
I think you can normally only get passports in countries you are resident in.
I've never heard of this. And it doesn't make sense -- if you lose your passport while traveling abroad, obviously you wouldn't need to be a resident for emergency passport services.
I was going to get a second US passport in Israel, but there's a slight chance it will say I got it in Israel. Thus, I will have to call the Americans to see if this is the case.
They're intelligent/helpful at the US Embassy in TLV. They'll be able to tell you where the passport is issued. According to the link I posted, it does say non-emergency passports are issued in the US. But who knows. Check with them.
However, if that route does not work, I think it will be impossible for me to get a second US passport and visit places like Iran. This is because, if I get a second US passport while in France and want to fly to a place like Beirut, the French will probably want to see my first US passport because it will have my France student visa in it. As a result, when I arrive in Beirut, they will probably want to see a passport showing I just left France (my first US passport) rather than a brand new second US passport with nothing in it.
I don't see the problem here. Why would the Lebanese immigration look through your passport to see if you have a French (Schengen) exit stamp? Plenty of countries don't give exit stamps -- including our own country and the UK.
The bigger issue than the brand new passport is traveling to Beirut with a US passport on your person that has an Israeli stamp. If they do search through your stuff, they might find that. But when I flew into Beirut, they just did a quick thumb-through of my passport for Israeli stamps. Of course, YMMV.
Do you all see my problem? Does anyone have any possible advice or solutions for me? Thanks for your help.
Find out about where the embassy in TLV prints their passports, first.
Do you live in a major city in the US with a passport office? You could always do an emergency application for a 2nd US passport before you leave, and tell them you're leaving the country in a week.
Third, call the embassy in Paris and find out what their policies are.