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There's a strange censorship now at LP.

I'll have to create a new thread so as to post a clarification about a question about Malaria.

First of all, the malaria cases reported in Portugal or elsewhere in Europe are not gotten in Portugal. These people were infected in tropical countries by people who alfterwards came to Portugal. The same cases happens everywhere if a temperate country has many direct flights to tropical countries.
Malaria is given by a parasite of a mosquito that does not exist in Portugal. That mosquito only exists in humid tropical (or subtropical) areas in the world. This is not entirely about being "developed" or "developing", although the lack of resources, knowledge and will also help to let it happen.
Southern China f.ex. has tropical climate, Portugal or Greece, or Spain, or Malta, or Italy, or Cyprus do NOT have tropical climate. Southern Europe is a mediterranean climate region. This kind of climate has a dry summer (it's also known as dry summer climate), not really prone to tropical infections due to the lack of humidity, despite the heat.
As you're American, your nearest example or mediterranean (or dry summer) climate lie in California. I assume, unless you're an obsessive hypocontriac person, that you wouldn't take malaria pills for visiting San Francisco or Sacramento, would you? But you would probably do it if you decided to go to the Mississipi delta or to Florida in the summer (humid subtropical climate regions).
Mainland Portugal lie between the paralels 37 and 42 north.
Having said this I am going to give some comparisons with the US
- a) 37º and 42º are the latitudes of the state of Utah.
- b) It's equivalent to the central and northern parts of California. Paralel 42 is also the northern border of California with Oregon.
- c) Lisbon lie at paralel 38, 70..., roughly the same latitude of Washington D.C., slightly northwards than San Francisco, CA.
- d) Oporto, Portugal's second city, lie at paralel 41, roughly the same latitude of New York city.

These latitudes are too northward to have tropical infections, unless climate change will change the climate patterns in the future. Hence the fear of starting to have these sorts of desease in the future, but up until now, yes, it's too northward for tropical desease to spread.
Andreas: Fear, or risk is not the same as "it exists". You haven't answered any question.

Regarding Madeira Islands, it's a slightly different story. Madeira lie 1000 kms far from Lisbon between the paralels 32 and 33. It's latitude as well as climate is comparable to that of San Diego, CA. The climate is also mediterranean with a dry summer period, however it's at the southern boundary of the mediterranean climate area, so it has a subclassification of "mediterranean subtropical". It's not in the tropics, but it's close. Last summer an outbreak of dengue made its first appearance in the island. It had never happened before.
I was told that during this winter there were no new cases of dengue because apparently the tropical mosquito that carries the dengue did not like the winter "too cool" of Madeira. You may laugh at this, but yes the mild winter of Madeira is too cool in comparison with REAL tropical countries such as Senegal, Gâmbia, Cuba, Caribbean Islands, Central America, etc.
It's actually more likely to happen in the Canary Islands than in Madeira, because the Canary Islands are farther south.
Dengue is also endemic in the subtropical "south" of the US (Florida, Louisiana, Alabama, Georgia) or in Australia.

Now, I see that Americans do not have a clue about Europe. They tend to compare the warm southern regions of Europe with their subtropical south. It's not the same. Europe in general is northwards than the USA, so Southern Europe is at the same paralels of central, even northern USA. Besides, Europe is the western part of the great Euro-Asian contiment, which give for much of the continent a "west coast" climate type similar to that of western USA and Western Canada.
Saying that Rome, Italy, or Portugal has a humid summer is simply non-sense. Humid hot summers happen in New York, in China, in Japan, in Buenos Aires, not in West Eurasia Europe.

Got it?

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1

Joaop - thanks for a very informative post. The reason you had to commence a new post was that the moderator stepped in and closed the original posting to any further posts. Again thanks.

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2

Ditto as #1, joaop.

I think closing the thread was due to being thinskinned of some posters and then you're not only susceptible of mosquitos;-)

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Thanks joaop, i think 99% of us is well aware of this.

Still, for the sake of completeness i think we should not forget that malaria did occur in Europe (but also in the US) and not only in mediterranean countries.
Take Italy as a case, malaria was totally eradicated by the end of the 1950's if i am not mistaken, only a few generations ago.
http://www.mjhid.org/article/view/9990/html
http://www.pri.org/theworld/?q=node/4288

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There's a strange censorship now at LP.

No, there is not.

#2 has it right. The thread was closed because the original questions had been answered, and the OP seemed to ignore the answers, preferring to indulge a persecution complex. In my reading, there was nothing that needed clarification about malaria. The OP was a worrier and overreacts .. as her own behavior on the thread illustrated.

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Thanks Joao....we know it,but some of the less travelled new posters may not be aware of it,so this clarification should help allay their fears...

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Malaria is given by a parasite of a mosquito that does not exist in Portugal. That mosquito only exists in humid tropical (or subtropical) areas in the world.

Uhhh... malaria is endemic to Portugal, it existed there as well as other countries such as Italy and France, and was not eradicated until after World War II when DDT spraying was used. Full eradication of malaria in continental Portugal was achieved in only 1958.

The only reason there is no malaria in Portugal today has nothing to do with climates, latitudes, or what USA state is at the same latitude (seriously?), but DDT spraying.

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The point is whether it exists now or not,no?

And the answer is...no.

So you can go to Portugal without fearing catching malaria....

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The point is whether it exists now or not,no?

I agree that is the point Luca, but that doesn't make joaop's explanation why fully correct ;-)
Not about Portugal, but some interesting facts...
http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/11/23/us-malaria-greece-idUSBRE8AM0BC20121123

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I usually hang out on the Health Branch, but every so often I do a search on words like "malaria" to see what's being talked about. So I stumbled across this thread. Maybe I can clarify a couple of things.

Malaria is spread by mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles.+ There are hundreds of species, living all over the world, including temperate parts of Europe. 41 +Anopheles species are known to be able to transmit malaria well enough to cause significant human illness and death. They can be found just about everywhere that is not the Antarctic. However, the climate has to be relatively warm for malaria species to complete their life cycle in the mosquito. Not super warm--malrai was a problem in England & the Netherlands, for instance.

Anopheles atroparvus was the primary species that transmitted malaria in Portugal, and the mosquito is still found there. It isn't very good at transmitting the species of malaria that is most likely to kill, but is good at transmitting the species that used to predominate in Europe. There are 4 other species of mosquito found in Europe that are known to be good at transmitting malaria.

According to a scientific article published last year "Malaria is a notifiable disease in Portugal; about 50 cases are reported annually to the Public Health System, but cases are under-reported [mainly due to the effort needed to get the forms filled out]." These cases are all imported, that is, the person got the malaria in another country, but it was diagnosed in Portugal.

Malaria risk increases in Portugal from July, 2012.
>The director of the National Health Service, Francisco George said this week there were 58 imported cases of Malaria in Portugal last year. Although no new cases have been contracted in the country since 1959, the risk of it returning to the country is expected to increase with climate change.

According to a statement from the National Health Service, "the last cases of Malaria contracted in Portugal were diagnosed in 1959" and "since then, all other cases identified in Portugal were imported and contracted by travellers who returned from tropical countries."

Eradication of malaria in developed countries relied on a number of things. Spraying for mosquitoes and eliminating breeding areas was very important. But improvements in economic and living conditions also contributed a lot.

Dwellings with door and window screens. This is big. In Africa, it's been demonstrated that sleeping under bed nets is one of the most important things in preventing malaria.

Getting rid of outhouses, cesspits, and other such places where mosquitoes could breed. Covering water tanks. Paving streets so puddles don't sit around ling enough to become breeding sites.

Development of better ways ot diagnose and treat malaria. The faster you can get people free of parasites, the less likely a mosquito is to become infected.

Access to health care for most people, so they can be effectively treated.


Nutrax
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