#7 - no, that's a myth. What you need is a passport that is valid for the length of your stay, If you have a passport that expires in 7 days, but you are here 6, that's fine.

#9 Certain countries only allow you to get a new passport in your place of residency. So if not actually emigrated from said countries you cannot get a passport overseas unless it has been stolen/lost.
I did not know if this was the case for Canada, so merely suggested he check.

BTW, what made you suddenly come to this branch and start posting? Have you been or intend visiting??
Harry - my apologies - must just be the airlines that ensure this - as I know I got knocked back flying back from the UK to Oz (although it was 4 years ago) because I only had 3 months left ... annoying because I was coming home and had no intentions of travelling for some time!!

#12 I am planning to visit Australia in October, November, December and combine with New Zealand. Just started looking around and getting some ideas!
Australia only requires you have a valid passport for the duration of your stay. And, if you are an Australian, not even that. Australian citizens cannot be refused entry even without a passport (though airlines may refuse to carry you if you cannot prove you are Australian). Not sure why an airline would have refused to carry an Australian citizen to Australia with a valid Australian passport even if it had only 1 day left. I mean, where are they going to deport you to? Australia?
The US does insist on 6 months validity for some countries, but not for Australia or any of the other countries with which it has visa waiver agreements.
It was the airline that refused me Nerb. I had Oz passport and was "coming home" but had less than 90 days on my passport.
"they" refused on the grounds the Australian Govt required me to have 6 months validity on my passport otherwise I might be denied entry and they'd have to return me at their cost.
I thought it was ridiculous, but who am I to argue!
Mind you was 4.5years ago...
from Qantas website: Many countries require travellers to have at least six months validity remaining on their passports. Immigration authorities may refuse entry if you arrive with less than this.
Although it does say Australia is just for the duration of stay. Which means OP needs to get a new passport either way!
yebbut any visa is still limited by what Immi actually give you at the point of entry
So even if you turn up with a one-year visa, that's no guarantee that Immi will give you a year.
They might endorse it "only for six months " or something, based on lif of passport
of course you can usually renew your passport abroad, and transfer your visa to the new one - I've done it many times.
But it is SO much easier to do it at home
Anyway, the airline was totally wrong to refuse you on those grounds alone. Acceptable grounds might be the possibility of having to divert to a third country en route to Australia
We always had to have six-month+ valid passports when working in the North Sea in case we had to divert to Norway because of UK airport closure or bad weather, for example