My experience with staying at caravan parks tatiana is that they are never what you could really call party places as it is mostly older or more mature people staying at them, that always changing considerably when there are school holidays and of course you then get families with children but you are away from school holidays in October/November.
You can find some caravan parks that cater to a higher percentage of more permanent residents and sometimes some of those might get a bit unruly if having had too much to drink but that is something not likely to be occurring too often as caravan park management people are conscious of people generally seeking a bit of peace and quiet, about most noise you might hear is if a few caravan/campervan travellers have got together for a few drinks late in an afternoon and sometimes there could be a bit of quieter chatter going on into the evening but never too late.
Some of the older caravan parks have what they call on site vans but many now have what they refer to as cabins or bungalows, only problem being for you is that they are about the same price as what a double room at a hostel can cost and costs do vary with the caravan parks, what is called The Big4 being something of a premium chain but there are always alternatives in most towns
And yes, the places you mention have caravan parks close to the central areas as is the case with most towns.
Another option you may want to consider in some towns is older hotels, though not so much in coastal locations, there are some where you can get a double room for $40 - $50 .
If you are flying from Cairns to somewhere and have not yet booked your flight, I would also consider reversing your direction of travel for whereas October will be fine in Cairns, by November it will be starting to get a bit warmer and possibly more humid, not too great for using a tent.