In general terms, a bank teller, brickie's labourer, school teacher, or dentist in every state and territory city, sound identical to their counterparts elsewhere ... in other words, geography in itself is not a major factor, such as it is in the UK or USA. There are four other indicators that have more effect:
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socioeconomic background ... there is a distinct working-class "Australian" accent, reflected in the exaggerated speech of Crocodile Dundee and Steve Irwin, and there is a small cohort that exhibits a "toffy" form of speech, however the majority are between the extremes
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level of education tends to iron out a lot of differences, with most tertiary educated people exhibiting a standard received English style (that is still distinctly Australian of course)
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there are significant differences between city dwellers and country folk, and this difference can amplify (or be amplified by) the two factors above
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and heritage ... I think even after 2 or 3 generations here, the accents of children of NESB migrants remain slightly but recognisably different to those with Anglo Celtic ancestry, especially Greek, Italian, and Middle East, but less so for Asians.
So while the states and territories are generally the same, I can often pick a Queensland speakers as distinct to say a South Australian ... but I expect you need to be a native and a student of this stuff to be consistently accurate.
And finally there is Aboriginal Australian, which to the inexperienced ear can sound like a different language ... and to a significant extent it is, or at least is a genuine dialect. Australian English has been much influenced by Aboriginal speech, in my view.