Here's all the information that I was able to piece together. I might be attempting this crossing in late July, if anyone would like to join me.
New border crossing opened 5/25/09
Qīnghé (Qinggil; Chinggil) Co., Ālètài (Altay) Prefecture, Yīlí Hāsàkè (Ili Kazakh) Autonomous Prefecture, Xīnjiāng (Xinjiang-Uygur) Autonomous Region, China
清河县 (چىڭگىل ناھىيىسى), 阿勒泰地区 (ئالتاي ۋىلايىتى), 伊犁哈萨克自治州 (ئاپتونوم ئوبلاستىئىلى قازاق), 新疆维吾尔自治区, 中国
Border crossing with Mongolia:
China side - Tarkshken (Tashkin, Takeshiken) 塔克什肯 Land Transportation Port
塔克什肯陆运口岸--蒙古布尔干口岸
Qīnghé (County seat) - Tarkshken 90km
Ālètài (Kazahk Prefecture seat) - Tarkshken 380km
Ürümqi (Autonomous prefecture seat) - Tarkshken 570km
Tarkshken - Border 15.5km
Mongolia Side (English, Chinese, Mongolian)
Bulgan Sum District (Bù'ěrgān) 布尔干县 Булган (Pop. 13,000) <-- closest border city with China, bus drops passengers here
Khovd City (capital of Khovd Aimag, also Hovd) (Kēbùduō Shì) 科布多市 Ховд
Jargalant sum (district where Khovd city is) Жаргалант (Pop. 30,000)
Khovd Aimag Province (Duokebu, also Hovd) (Kēbùduō Shěng) 科布多省 Ховд аймаг (Pop. 89,000)
Tarkshken Checkpoint - Bulgan Checkpoint 25km
Turkshken Checkpoint - Bulgan County Seat 65km
Turkshken Checkpoint - Khovd Provincial Capital 265km
Tarkshken is a two-way, seasonal border crossing, open April - December from the 15-30th of each month.
There is a Qīnghé - Bulgan international tourist bus. Riders must disembark, go through customs, and change busses at the border.
Qinghe Kanas International Travel Service Ltd and Xinjiang Overseas International Travel Service Company are the only two travel agencies that are allowed to organize group tours to Bulgan [I think this refers to the cross-border international tourist bus].
Tourists will go to Bulgan by international shuttle bus [presumably from Qīnghé]. They will have to register with a travel agency for a border pass (边境通行证) one day before traveling to Bulgan. Must have a passport photo and ID card / passport to apply for the border pass. Border pass can be applied for at Kanas International Travel Service Ltd. (presumably the Qīnghé branch).
Advertised price of cross-border transit: RMB 280 / person. Each tour group will have 16 people. Walk-ins allowed. Will send at least one tour bus across border per day.
河塔克什肯口岸至蒙古国布尔干县边境旅游线路
Travel Agencies:
Qinghe Kanas International Travel Service Ltd. (青河县喀纳斯国际旅行社)
(新疆喀纳斯国际旅行社有限责任公司 )
* Contact person:褚津昌 先生 (经理) Mr. Chǔ Jīnchāng (Manager)
*Phone:86-0991-8196110
* Mobile phone:13999963074
* Fax:86-0991-4679856
* Address:乌鲁木齐长江路新丰大厦501
501 Xīnfēng Bldg., Chángjiāng Road, Ürümqi, Xīnjiāng
Xinjiang Overseas International Travel Service Company (新疆海外旅行社)
(新疆海外国际旅行社有限责任公司)
Telephone:86-991-5854065 Fax:86-991-5869282 E-mail:office@otcxj.com
Address:新疆乌鲁木齐市公园北街162号皓翔文苑小区综合楼6楼 邮 编:830000
Building 6, Hàoxiángwényuàn Xiǎoqū, 162 Gōngyuán Běijiē Ürümqi, Xīnjiāng 830000
Info (Chinese): http://www.hljic.gov.cn/zehz/kajs/zgka/t20070208_229072.htm
Map of Qīnghé region: http://www.maplandia.com/china/xinjiang-uygur/qinghe/qinghe/
Mongolia side - Bulgan
Mongolia Side Sites: 敖包 Áobāo (stone altar by side of road), Lama Temple 喇嘛庙, Burgan Mountain 布尔干山, Burgan River Valley scenery 布尔干河谷风光
About Khovd city:
It is situated at the foot of the Mongolian Altay Mountains , on the Buyant Gol river. The Khar Us Nuur (Black Water Lake) is located approximately 25 km east of Khovd, and is the location of a Strictly Protected Area (Mongolian Government designation), called the Mankhan Nature Preserve.
Khovd is known throughout the region for its watermelon and tomato harvest in the late summer, as well as the high quality of its seasonal meat products.
As a result of administrative reforms in 1992, Khovd was accorded the status of Jargalant sum. City area is 80 km2.
Sources:
English (China Hospitality News 6/2/09): http://www.chinahospitalitynews.com/en/2009/06/02/12110-xinjiang-opens-china-mongolia-cross-border-tourist-route/
Chinese (China Hospitality News 6/1/09): http://www.chinahospitalitynews.com/cn/2009/06/02/13077/
Chinese (Xinhua 5/27/09): http://www3.xinhuanet.com/chinanews/2009-05/27/content_16642896.htm/
Chinese (Urumuqi Online 5/24/09): http://www.wlmqwb.com/2971/2972/200905/t20090526_644360.shtml