I would agree with above..if you have only one day in Kanazawa I'd add another there before any of those other destinations.
Hakone is a good day trip from Tokyo.
Shirakawago is worth a few hours/half day,en route...not more than that.
Takayama itself (not including day trips)...a day is enough for me.Matsumoto also a day,though depends on interests I guess...if you like art you could spend two days there.