The US has no exit immigrations, which was clearly stated in #1. You will not be barred from leaving.
The issue is leaving and coming back. Without the turning in the form, you likely will go into the computer as having overstayed. That means you are ineleigible to return, until you convince them otherwise. If you leave for Canada even, there is no guarantee you'll be able to re-enter the country for your flight (they may not let you in under a new wavier, since you are supposed to be on the old one, which you lost), meaning there is a chance you will need to buy a ticket home that does not transit the US (which are often very expensive).
So it's your choice: stay in the US until you leave, or see your friend with the chance of major issues.

