I am on a visit to Rio..where should I go if I need to see a doctor in Rio de Janeiro?

Have you read this?:
https://www.lonelyplanet.com/thorntree/forums/americas-south-america/brazil/what-should-i-do-if-i-need-medical-assistance-while-travelling-in-brazil
As with any location, it would depend on what you needed to see a doctor for.
If the wording of your post indicates correctly that you have already arrived in Rio, perhaps consult the hotel staff who are locals with local knowledge.
Or provide more specific information here for more informed suggestions.
Here are three hospitals in Rio (be prepared to show proof of payment ability):
Hospital Copa D’or is internationally accredited and abides by international standards. With its new equipment, well-trained medical staff, and high quality services in the field of surgery, post-operative care, and diagnostics, this hospital is quite popular among expats. Hospital Copa D’or is located on Rua Figueiredo Magalhães in Copacabana.
Hospital Samaritano is another one of Rio’s private, modern hospitals which offer state-of-the-art treatments and technologies. While the hospital offers all kinds of medical services, it is well-known for its reputable cardiology department with its excellent coronary unit and cardiac surgery center. You can find the Hospital Samaritano on Rua Bambina in Botafogo.
Hospital Sao Jose was founded by the Santa Catarina Congregation and has been providing medical care ever since 1923. Located on Rua Macedo Sobrinho in Humaitá, the large hospital offers services in all medical branches. In addition, the hospital has a big emergency department with a cardiac ward. Many expats visit this hospital for its international patient section and its English speaking staff.

There seem to be a lot of Indian travellers seeking medical assistance recently. All recent joinees and first time posters. I wonder if it's something they ate?
Copa d'Or is an excellent hospital. You can be treated through their emergency department. If you lack ID you will be charged somewhere in the region of R$150-200 for a consultation. Of course, it's pointless making specific comment in the absence of information about what sort of treatment you need. Ear and eye specialist, STD clinic or just a general practitioner. Hopefully you speak Portuguese.
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