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During my two-month visit to Rwanda in 2008 I became friends with a genocide survivor who shared his story with me while I was there, and afterwards, in greater detail through emails, which he would like to revise into a book at some point. Along with losing most of his family and then being liberated by the RPF when he was in his mid teens, his emails make clear that, following their victory, he witnessed killings of by RPF officers (whom he never named) of Hutus he thought were "probably innocent." Last month my friend told me that he believes these emails were somehow intercepted and brought to the attention of one of the RPF officers to whom he had been assigned in the wake of the genocide, whom he says now holds a prominent police dept. position in Rwanda. My friends tells me he was questioned obliquely by this officer, that his job has been threatened (ostensibly for unrelated reasons), and that he fears for his safety and that of his family, to the extent that he wants to leave Rwanda at any cost.

I realize there has been tension in Rwanda in the lead-up to the August presidential election; that a general has been accused of setting off a bomb in Kigali; a prospective opponent to President Kagame jailed for what seems (from my current, considerable distance) to be a somewhat questionable application of Rwanda's laws against ethnically divisive speech; and that about 900 people who appeared to be unemployed or idle have been put into a "re-education camp." I also understand that revenge killings committed by RPF forces in 1994 remain a sensitive subject for the government, however understandable these might have been under the circumstances, and that my friend would hardly be the first person to mention these in a book or article.

I also understand that his experiences during 1994 could easily lead someone in his position to overreact to perceived threats, especially during and following Rwanda's often difficult month of memorial observances each April.

Based on the above account, can anyone more familiar than I am with the current climate in Rwanda give me some indication or hints as to how much danger, if any, my friend might actually be in?

I don't want to advise him to remain in Rwanda at the risk of his life or freedom, and I don't want to see him exchange his job and home for the life of a refugee without means and a profession, unless he really needs to.

Thanks for any relevant information or perspective.

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1

Is he asking you to help him leave Rwanda?

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2

Retiree (#1), Once I made it clear that I can't give or lend the amount of money in question, he apparently came up with airfare money without my help, and remains in touch with me. It of course occurred to me that there could be a financial angle or component to this, but that hasn't been the nature of this particular relationship, although I've certainly encountered no scarcity of such requests from others in Rwanda and elsewhere in Africa and Asia.

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3

OK, it sounds like you are aware of some African's attempts to get money out of "rich" westerners with sob storys.
Can't help you determine the real need sorry.

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4

I would advise you to contact Africa studies association and ask them if any of their member are wiling to help you find out about whether this is a genuine concern. ASA member with expertise on Rwanda may have offered such services to the association. I have written expertise (for free) for asylum seeker from Burkina Faso, which is my area of expertise, so someone with experience on Rwanda may be able to help you on this. Not sure you'll find this person on TT though. Also, check this blog,
this is a link to a blogger on the Great lakes area, who has extensive experience
maybe he can help
http://moproblems.wordpress.com/about-2/

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5

I do not find the original story in the least bit surprising. There does feel to be a clamp down in the country on people who claim a 'double genocide' or anyone who speaks out against the government and/or the RPF soldiers who liberated the country.

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6

I doubt very much whether Rwanda is sufficiently sophisticated to intercept emails and identify the author. Although your friend might have expressed similar thoughts in other contexts.

In any case, the really important question is whether the authorities in the country to which he plans to fly would accept him as a genuine refugee, or return him.

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7

After a two month association his emails to you are claimed to place him at risk of persecution by his government. The shift of responsibility to you in interesting. Is this guilt trip justified?

I suspect that if the government had any type of doubts about the individual they would have taken action by now. What do they have to gain by waiting? Other than his email indiscretion to you, what else has he done to earn the disfavor of his government?

He does not seem to have participated in or led anti-government activity. We have one guy who made some negative comments in a email a coule of years ago. Have other people with this very low level of opposition been punished? I have lived in Kigali, and understand why a young man would like to leave. However, I don't think that he has made a case that his government is out to get him.

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8

#7 (Dutch Uncle) bases his post on mistaken assumptions and a misreading of the OP. The emails my friend sent to me, which he believes may have landed him in trouble, were sent well over a year after my visit--not "a couple years ago." He never asked me for money, and never expressed a desire to leave Rwanda until last month. If this type of "guilt trip" were his main purpose, I doubt if he would have waited two years to give it a try. On the contrary, in many ways he is proud of what his country has accomplished since 1994.

His concern is not necessarily about the upper levels of the government, but the former RPF officer referred to in the OP, who currently holds an influential police position. My friend believes his emails were somehow read by someone at his work (not intercepted by the government) and then passed along to the person in question. Whether or not his concerns are well-founded, the assumption that this is all a "guilt trip" is uninformed and comes across as tainted by a type of hostility.

#6 (Voyager), I've been going over this concern with my friend, and have tried to get him to focus on the types of problems and expenses that leaving Rwanda, without first obtaining refugee status, could involve. The reason for the OP is that it would help me, in this exchange with him, if I had an objective sense of how much danger he might be in.

#5 (Sarah), Thanks for the observation. It would be really helpful if you (or anyone else currently or recently living in Rwanda) could give me a somewhat more detailed or fuller sense of the current climate there.

#4 (Liza) Thanks so much for the suggestion. I will give this a try.

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9

In 1951, the United Nations defined a refugee as a person who "owing to well-founded fear of being-persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality and is unable to or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country."

That is the basis of the "well founded" reference I made above. Does getting crosswise with one police official meet this standard? You are right to make him aware of how slender a reed he has if the total evidendce is possible future problems with one police officer. For him to burn his bridges and leave Rwanda in hope of gaining refugee status sounds imprudent. For him to try to get a job overseas sounds like an excellent idea for his future. Won't 90-99% of applicants for refugee status have a stonger case than what has been described here?

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