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Kazimierz
Today one of Kraków's inner suburbs and located within walking distance south of Wawel and the Old Town, Kazimierz was for a long time an independent town with its own municipal charter and laws. Its colourful history was determined by its mixed Jewish-Polish population, and though the ethnic structure is now wholly different, the architecture gives a good picture of its past, with clearly distinguishable sectors of what were Christian and Jewish quarters.
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Nowa Huta
The youngest and largest of Kraków's suburbs, Nowa Huta is a result of the postwar rush towards industrialisation. In the early 1950s a gigantic steelworks, and a new town to serve as a bedroom community for its workforce, were built about 10km east of the centre of Kraków. The steel mill accounted for nearly half the national iron and steel output, and the suburb has become a vast urban sprawl, populated by over 200,000 people.
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Old Town
The layout of the Old Town was drawn up in the mid-13th century after devastation caused by the Tatar invasions and has survived more or less in its original form. The construction of the fortifications began in the 13th century, and it took almost two centuries to envelope the town with a powerful, 3km-long chain of double defensive walls complete with 47 towers and eight main entrance gates as well as a wide moat.
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Podgórze
The working-class suburb of Podgórze would pique few travellers' curiosities if it wasn't for the notorious role it played during WWII. It was here that the Nazis herded some 15,000 Jews into a ghetto and continued to empty it by way of deportations to the concentration camps, including one a short distance to the southwest in Płaszów.
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