Cathedral

One of the finest Romanesque churches in Italy, Modena’s Unesco World Heritage–listed cathedral is a thrilling example of 12th-century architecture. Dedicated to the city’s patron saint, St Geminianus, it was consecrated in 1184, 85 years after construction had begun. The facade is dominated by a huge Gothic rose window, actually a 13th-century addition, under which stands the main portal; to the sides, a ser­ies of vivid bas-reliefs depict scenes from Genesis. These are the work of the 12th-century sculptor Wiligelmo, who actually autographed his work, as did the building’s architect, Lanfranco (signing off in the main apse). Among Wiligelmo’s many vigorous carvings, both sacred and singular, are typical medieval themes depicting the months and agricultural scenes. Inside, highlights include an elaborate rood screen decorated by Anselmo da Campione and, in the crypt, Guido Mazzoni’s Madonna della pappa, a group of five painted terracotta figures.