Historic Site sights in Kāifēng
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City Walls
Kāifēng is ringed by a relatively intact, much-restored Qing-dynasty wall. Encased with grey bricks, rear sections of the ramparts have been recently buttressed very unattractively with concrete. Today's bastion was built on the foundations of the Song-dynasty Inner Wall (内城; Nèichéng). Rising up beyond was the mighty, now buried Outer Wall (外城; Wàichéng), a colossal construction containing 18 gates, which looped south of the Pó Pagoda, while the Imperial Wall (皇城; Huángchéng) protected the imperial palace.
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